Who Is Considered a “Digital Nomad” in Spain?
In Spain, the term "digital nomad" refers to a foreign professional living in Spain and working remotely for companies or clients based outside of Spain. Legally, this category is known as an international teleworker.
This immigration route is designed primarily for non-EU nationals who wish to live in Spain while continuing to perform their work or professional activities remotely using computer, telecommunications, and telematic systems. In other words, the activity must genuinely be capable of being carried out from a distance.
A Digital Nomad Is Usually One of Two Profiles
The first profile is that of an employee who works remotely from Spain for a company based outside of Spain. Under this permit, the employment relationship must remain with the foreign employer, and the employee may only work for companies located outside Spain.
The second profile is a self-employed professional or freelancer who provides remote services to foreign clients. This person may also work with Spanish clients, but only under a professional relationship, provided that this work does not exceed 20% of their total professional activity.
It Is Not Enough to Simply Work Online
Not all remote workers in Spain automatically qualify as digital nomads. Their work must be performed exclusively through digital or telecommunication means, and their role should not require a physical presence, on-site supervision, local sales visits, production tasks, or other duties that cannot truly be performed remotely.
Applicants must also demonstrate an existing employment or professional relationship with a foreign company or client that has been in place for at least three months prior to submitting their application. Additionally, the company must demonstrate real and continued activity.
Professional Background Also Matters
Spain also requires applicants to demonstrate a qualified professional profile. This can be shown through a university degree, postgraduate qualification, recognized professional training, business school studies, or at least three years of professional experience.
Digital Nomad Visa vs. Residence Authorization
If the applicant is outside of Spain, the process usually begins with a digital nomad visa at a Spanish consulate. If the applicant is already legally in Spain, they may apply directly to the competent authority in Spain for a residence authorization for international teleworking. The visa is generally granted for up to one year, while the residence authorization may be granted for up to three years.
In conclusion, a digital nomad in Spain is a non-EU professional who can legally reside in Spain and work remotely for foreign companies or clients. However, the work must be genuinely remote, properly documented, and aligned with Spanish immigration rules.
This permit is not for anyone who wants to live in Spain while working online. Rather, it is a specific immigration category with clear requirements regarding the applicant’s professional profile, work relationship, type of activity, and connection with companies or clients outside of Spain.
Disclosure: This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Immigration and employment rules change frequently, and outcomes depend on the specific facts of each case. You should consult qualified legal counsel regarding your particular circumstances.